Overview

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
PURPOSE

This document aims to ensure that clinicians are aware of current guidance regarding Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), including the case definition and guidance on reporting to local health departments.

BACKGROUND
 
  • Clinicians in the United Kingdom, New York City and New York State have reported cases of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (many of whom tested positive for SARSCoV-2 infection by RT-PCR or serologic assay). Additional reports of children presenting with severe inflammatory syndrome with a laboratory-confirmed case of COVID-19 or an epidemiological link to a COVID-19 case have been reported by authorities in other countries.
  • On May 14, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) issued a Health Advisory regarding a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), along with a case definition for this syndrome.
  • There is limited information currently available regarding the risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical course, and treatment for MIS-C.

ESSENTIAL ACTIONS
 
  • All health care providers should maintain a high index of suspicion for MIS-C.
  • Suspected cases of MIS-C should be referred immediately to a tertiary care center with a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).
  • Tertiary care centers are asked to consider a collaborative approach in the management of these patients by convening a multispecialty committee (comprised of pediatric critical care, cardiology, hematology, infectious disease, and rheumatology/immunology) that provides coordinated clinical care guidance for each patient while (1) confirming patients meet the case definition, and (2) ensuring that appropriate diagnostic and treatment resources are readily available for this patient population.
  • Hospital infection preventionists should be notified immediately upon recognition of patients meeting case definition to initiate public health reporting.

TESTING
 
  • In suspected cases of MIS-C, strongly recommend the following additional laboratory testing due to the potential for myocardial involvement: BNP and Troponin.
  • If the BNP and/or Troponin levels are elevated, initiate transfer to a tertiary care center with a PICU.
  • Hospitals must assess for current or recent SARS-COV-2 infection by performing a combination of RT-PCR, antigen test and/or serology (as available) in patients who are under 21 years of age and present with symptoms compatible with MIS-C associated with COVID-19.

How to Report Suspect Cases of MIS-C

1

Case Report Form: Fill the case report form as completely as possible, scan and upload the form to CDPH y using the following REDCap Project:  https://redcap.link/misc_afm.  REDCap is a secure platform to share documents with CDPH.  If you need support filling out the form, please email  maria.joseph@cityofchicago.org     and indicate a point of contact and direct phone number for our investigators to reach you to obtain appropriate medical records to submit the form to CDC. Ideally, the case report form includes information on patient discharge but notification of the suspect case should occur right away.

2

I-NEDSS entry: Enter suspect MIS-C cases into the COVID-19 I-NEDSS module – subsection “Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome”.  There does not have to be a positive COVID test in order to enter into the module.  It can be an epi link, COVID-like illness, or a positive molecular, antigen, or antibody test.  If your lab or a commercial send out lab does not have the ability to run serologic testing, consider drawing serum and saving it prior to any treatments.
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Case Definition

CDC Case Definition for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)
 
  • An individual aged <21 years presenting with fever*, laboratory evidence of inflammation**, and evidence of clinically severe illness requiring hospitalization, with multisystem (>2) organ involvement (cardiac, renal, respiratory, hematologic, gastrointestinal, dermatologic or neurological); AND
  • No alternative plausible diagnoses; AND
  • Positive for current or recent SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR, serology, or antigen test; or COVID-19 exposure within the 4 weeks prior to the onset of symptoms

*Fever >38.0oC for >24 hours, or report of subjective fever lasting >24 hours
**Including, but not limited to, one or more of the following: an elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), fibrinogen, procalcitonin, d-dimer, ferritin, lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), or interleukin 6 (IL-6), elevated neutrophils, reduced lymphocytes and low albumin


Additional Comments
 
  • Some individuals may fulfill full or partial criteria for Kawasaki disease but should be reported if they meet the case definition for MIS-C
  • Consider MIS-C in any pediatric death with evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Resources

MIS-C Reporting

For Clinical Questions Or To Report Suspect Cases, Contact:

The CDPH Disease Reporting Hotline at 312-743-9000
 

*After hours, weekends, and holidays, please call 311 and ask for the communicable disease physician on-call (or call 312-744-5000 if outside the City of Chicago)

MIS-C ANNUAL REPORT

April 2020-June 2021

Report Available Here

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Healthcare Provider Resources

Handouts for Parents Source: The Center for Disease Control and Prevention 

How to Recognize MIS-C

What Parents Need to Know

What Parents Need to Know After MIS-C Diagnosis